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Description:

glom 23.5.0

glom
Restructuring data, the Python way

Real applications have real data, and real data nests. Objects inside
of objects inside of lists of objects.
glom is a new and powerful way to handle real-world data, featuring:

Path-based access for nested data structures
Readable, meaningful error messages
Declarative data transformation, using lightweight, Pythonic specifications
Built-in data exploration and debugging features

All of that and more, available as a fully-documented,
pure-Python package, tested on Python 3.7+, as well as
PyPy3. Installation is as easy as:
pip install glom

And when you install glom, you also get the glom command-line
interface, letting you experiment at the console, but never limiting
you to shell scripts:
Usage: glom [FLAGS] [spec [target]]

Command-line interface to the glom library, providing nested data access and data
restructuring with the power of Python.

Flags:

--help / -h show this help message and exit
--target-file TARGET_FILE path to target data source (optional)
--target-format TARGET_FORMAT
format of the source data (json, python, toml,
or yaml) (defaults to 'json')
--spec-file SPEC_FILE path to glom spec definition (optional)
--spec-format SPEC_FORMAT format of the glom spec definition (json, python,
python-full) (defaults to 'python')
--indent INDENT number of spaces to indent the result, 0 to disable
pretty-printing (defaults to 2)
--debug interactively debug any errors that come up
--inspect interactively explore the data

Anything you can do at the command line readily translates to Python
code, so you've always got a path forward when complexity starts to
ramp up.
Examples
Without glom
>>> data = {'a': {'b': {'c': 'd'}}}
>>> data['a']['b']['c']
'd'
>>> data2 = {'a': {'b': None}}
>>> data2['a']['b']['c']
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not subscriptable

With glom
>>> glom(data, 'a.b.c')
'd'
>>> glom(data2, 'a.b.c')
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
PathAccessError: could not access 'c', index 2 in path Path('a', 'b', 'c'), got error: ...

Learn more

If all this seems interesting, continue exploring glom below:

glom Tutorial
Full API documentation at Read the Docs
Original announcement blog post (2018-05-09)
Frequently Asked Questions
PyCon 2018 Lightning Talk (2018-05-11)

All of the links above are overflowing with examples, but should you
find anything about the docs, or glom itself, lacking, please submit
an issue!
In the meantime, just remember: When you've got nested data, glom it! ☄️