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aptsmart 7.1.3

简体中文
The apt-smart package automates robust apt-get mirror (a.k.a Repositories, Sources) selection for
Debian , Ubuntu and Linux Mint by enabling smart discovery of available mirrors, smart ranking of
available mirrors, automatic switching between mirrors and robust package list
updating (see features). It’s currently tested on Python 2.7, 3.4, 3.5,
3.6, 3.7, 3.8 and PyPy (although test coverage is still rather low, see status).

Why?
Features
Status
Installation
Usage
Issues with mirror updates
Contact
License

Why?
As a successor of apt-mirror-updater,
apt-smart has many improvements in intelligence, speed, accuracy and robustness (see changelog) when offering the best mirror for you.
It has a plan to optionally be a set-and-forget smart daemon: running in the background as a reverse proxy
always redirecting to the best mirror without root privilege. It also has a plan to support other distros like: Linux Mint (Done!) , ROS…

Features

Smart discovery of available mirrors
Debian , Ubuntu and Linux Mint mirrors are discovered automatically by querying the
Debian mirror list or the Ubuntu
mirror list1 or the Ubuntu
mirror list2 or the Linux Mint mirror list (the applicable
mirror list is automatically selected based on the current platform).
It can smartly get mirrors within the country which the user is in.

Smart ranking of available mirrors
Discovered mirrors are ranked by bandwidth (to pick the fastest mirror) and whether they’re up-to-date and
excluded if they’re being updated (see issues with mirror updates). e.g. with –list-mirrors flag it would output like this:

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Rank | Mirror URL | Available? | Updating? | Last updated | Bandwidth |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 1 | http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu | Yes | No | Up to date | 16.95 KB/s |
| 2 | http://mirrors.cqu.edu.cn/ubuntu | Yes | No | 3 hours behind | 427.43 KB/s |
| 3 | http://mirrors.nju.edu.cn/ubuntu | Yes | No | 5 hours behind | 643.27 KB/s |
| 4 | http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.e...| Yes | No | 5 hours behind | 440.09 KB/s |
| 5 | http://mirrors.cn99.com/ubuntu | Yes | No | 13 hours behind | 2.64 MB/s |
| 6 | http://mirrors.huaweicloud.com...| Yes | No | 13 hours behind | 532.01 KB/s |
| 7 | http://mirrors.dgut.edu.cn/ubuntu| Yes | No | 13 hours behind | 328.25 KB/s |
| 8 | http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu | Yes | No | 23 hours behind | 1.06 MB/s |
| 9 | http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu | Yes | No | 23 hours behind | 647.2 KB/s |
| 10 | http://mirrors.yun-idc.com/ubuntu| Yes | No | 23 hours behind | 526.6 KB/s |
| 11 | http://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/ubuntu | Yes | No | 23 hours behind | 210.99 KB/s |
| 12 | http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu| Yes | Yes | 8 hours behind | 455.02 KB/s |
| 13 | http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu | No | No | Unknown | 90.28 bytes/s |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Automatic switching between mirrors
The main mirror configured in /etc/apt/sources.list can be changed with a
single command. The new (to be configured) mirror can be selected
automatically or configured explicitly by the user.

Robust package list updating
Several apt-get subcommands can fail if the current mirror is being updated
(see issues with mirror updates) and apt-smart tries to work
around this by wrapping apt-get update to retry on failures and
automatically switch to a different mirror when it looks like the current
mirror is being updated (because I’ve seen such updates take more than 15
minutes and it’s not always acceptable to wait for so long, especially in
automated solutions).

Status
On the one hand the apt-smart package was developed based on quite a
few years of experience in using apt-get on Debian and Ubuntu systems. On the
other hand the Python package itself is relatively new: it was developed and
published in Sep 2019. As such:

Warning
Until apt-smart has been rigorously tested I consider
it a proof of concept (beta software) so if it corrupts your
system you can’t complain that you weren’t warned! The worst that can happen
(assuming you trust my judgement ;-) is that
/etc/apt/sources.list is corrupted however a backup copy is
made before any changes are applied, so I don’t see how this can
result in irreversible corruption.

I’m working on an automated test suite but at the moment I’m still a bit fuzzy
on how to create representative tests for the error handling code paths (also,
writing a decent test suite requires a significant chunk of time :-).

Installation
The apt-smart package is available on PyPI which means installation
should be as simple as (paste all below commands together into terminal):
sudo apt update
sudo apt install python-pip python-setuptools python-wheel -y # install python-pip and so on without asking
pip install --user apt-smart # --user flag means install to per user site-packages directory(see below)
echo "export PATH=\$(python -c 'import site; print(site.USER_BASE + \"/bin\")'):\$PATH" >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc # set per user site-packages directory to PATH
There’s actually a multitude of ways to install Python packages (e.g. the per
user site-packages directory, virtual environments or just installing
system wide) and I have no intention of getting into that discussion here, so
if this intimidates you then read up on your options before returning to these
instructions ;-).
If a new version of apt-smart has been released, you can upgrade it via:
pip install --user apt-smart --upgrade
Note. apt-smart is a helper for the apt tool. It is NOT a
replacement for apt (or for apt-get). So, apt-smart should
not be run instead of either of those commands. Nor should
apt-smart be run with sudo or via su; if apt-smart
happens to need root privilege in order for it to continue (in order
that it may, for example, change sources.list), then it will prompt
for a password.

Usage
There are two ways to use the apt-smart package: As the command line
program apt-smart and as a Python API. For details about the
Python API please refer to the API documentation available on Read the Docs.
The command line interface is described below.
Usage: apt-smart [OPTIONS]
The apt-smart program automates robust apt-get mirror selection for
Debian and Ubuntu by enabling discovery of available mirrors, ranking of
available mirrors, automatic switching between mirrors and robust package list
updating.
Supported options:

Option
Description

-r, --remote-host=SSH_ALIAS
Operate on a remote system instead of the local system. The SSH_ALIAS
argument gives the SSH alias of the remote host. It is assumed that the
remote account has root privileges or password-less sudo access.

-f, --find-current-mirror
Determine the main mirror that is currently configured in
/etc/apt/sources.list and report its URL on standard output.

-F, --file-to-read=local_file_absolute_path
Read a local absolute path (path and filename must NOT contain whitespace) file
containing custom mirror URLs (one URL per line) to add custom mirrors to rank.

-b, --find-best-mirror
Discover available mirrors, rank them, select the best one and report its
URL on standard output.

-l, --list-mirrors
List available (ranked) mirrors on the terminal in a human readable format.

-L, --url-char-len=int
An integer to specify the length of chars in mirrors’ URL to display when
using --list-mirrors, default is 34

-c, --change-mirror=MIRROR_URL
Update /etc/apt/sources.list to use the given MIRROR_URL.

-a, --auto-change-mirror
Discover available mirrors, rank the mirrors by connection speed and update
status and update /etc/apt/sources.list to use the best available mirror.

-u, --update, --update-package-lists
Update the package lists using “apt-get update”, retrying on failure and
automatically switch to a different mirror when it looks like the current
mirror is being updated.

-U, --ubuntu
Ubuntu mode for Linux Mint to deal with upstream Ubuntu mirror instead of Linux Mint mirror.
e.g. --auto-change-mirror --ubuntu will auto-change Linux Mint’s upstream Ubuntu mirror

-x, --exclude=PATTERN
Add a pattern to the mirror selection blacklist. PATTERN is expected to be
a shell pattern (containing wild cards like “?” and “*”) that is matched
against the full URL of each mirror.

-v, --verbose
Increase logging verbosity (can be repeated).

-V, --version
Show version number and Python version.

-R, --create-chroot=local_dir_absolute_path
Create chroot with the best mirror in a local directory with absolute_path

-q, --quiet
Decrease logging verbosity (can be repeated).

-h, --help

Show this message and exit.

Note: since apt-smart uses urlopen method in The Python Standard Library,
you can set Environment Variables to make apt-smart connect via HTTP proxy, e.g. in terminal type:
export {http,https,ftp}_proxy=’http://user:password@myproxy.com:1080’
These will not persist however (no longer active after you close the terminal),
so you may wish to add the line to your ~/.bashrc

Issues with mirror updates
The most frequent failure that we run into is apt-get update crapping out
with ‘hash sum mismatch’ errors (see also Debian bug #624122). When this
happens a file called Archive-Update-in-Progress-* can sometimes be found
on the index page of the mirror that is being used (see also Debian bug
#110837). I’ve seen these situations last for more than 15 minutes.
My working theory about these ‘hash sum mismatch’ errors is that they are
caused by the fact that mirror updates aren’t atomic, apparently causing
apt-get update to download a package list whose datafiles aren’t consistent
with each other. If this assumption proves to be correct (and also assuming
that different mirrors are updated at different times :-) then the command
apt-smart --update-package-lists should work around this annoying
failure mode (by automatically switching to a different mirror when ‘hash sum
mismatch’ errors are encountered).
Publishing apt-smart to the world is my attempt to contribute to
this situation instead of complaining in bug trackers (see above) where no
robust and automated solution is emerging (at the time of writing). Who knows,
maybe some day these issues will be resolved by moving logic similar to what
I’ve implemented here into apt-get itself. Of course it would also help if
mirror updates were atomic…

Contact
The latest version of apt-smart is available on PyPI and GitHub.
The documentation is hosted on Read the Docs and includes a changelog. For
bug reports please create an issue on GitHub.

License
This software is licensed under the MIT license.
© 2020 martin68
© 2018 Peter Odding.