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flutter obs
一个简单的响应式状态管理,它是对 ValueNotifier 进行的扩展:
Obs - 创建响应式变量
ObsBuilder - 响应式变量构建器
1. 局部使用 #
热刷新会重置状态,当父类引用此组件时,如果没有添加 const 修饰每次刷新也会重置状态,
原理很简单,如果触发了 build 方法响应式变量就会被重新创建,状态自然就被重置
class Example extends StatelessWidget {
const Example({super.key});
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
final count = Obs(0);
return ElevatedButton(
onPressed: () => count.value++,
child: ObsBuilder(builder: (context) => Text('count: ${count.value}')),
);
}
}
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2. 使用 hook,弥补 StatelessWidget 的缺陷 #
为了稳定性,此库不依赖任何第三方库,所以移除掉了 flutter_hook 依赖及其相关代码,封装的代码很简单,
请看useObs
class Example extends HookWidget {
const Example({super.key});
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
final count = useObs(0);
return ElevatedButton(
onPressed: () => count.value++,
child: ObsBuilder(builder: (context) => Text('count: ${count.value}')),
);
}
}
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3. 在 StatefulWidget 中使用 #
提示:你不需要在 dispose 生命周期中销毁它
class Example extends StatefulWidget {
const Example({super.key});
@override
State<Example> createState() => _ExampleState();
}
class _ExampleState extends State<Example> {
final count = Obs(0);
@override
void dispose() {
super.dispose();
// count.dispose();
}
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return ElevatedButton(
onPressed: () => count.value++,
child: ObsBuilder(builder: (context) => Text('count: ${count.value}')),
);
}
}
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4. 全局状态管理 #
定义一个全局状态非常简单,只需要将响应式变量放到 Widget 外部即可
// 全局响应式变量
final count = Obs(0);
// 或者使用类进行管理
class GlobalState {
static final count = Obs(0);
}
// 对于全局状态,你可以放心地使用 StatelessWidget,因为状态已被移到外部
class Example extends StatelessWidget {
const Example({super.key});
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return ElevatedButton(
onPressed: () => GlobalState.count.value++,
child: ObsBuilder(builder: (context) => Text('count: ${GlobalState.count.value}')),
);
}
}
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5. 当组件被销毁时重置全局状态定义的所有响应式变量 #
先定义一个允许为空的控制器,当组件挂载时进行初始化,被销毁时将其设置为 null 即可
Controller? _controller;
Controller get controller {
assert(_controller != null, 'Controller 还未初始化');
return _controller!;
}
class Controller {
final count = Obs(0);
final flag = Obs(false);
}
class Example extends StatefulWidget {
const Example({super.key});
@override
State<Example> createState() => _ExampleState();
}
class _ExampleState extends State<Example> {
@override
void initState() {
super.initState();
_controller = Controller();
}
@override
void dispose() {
super.dispose();
controller = null;
}
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return ElevatedButton(
onPressed: () => controller.count.value++,
child: ObsBuilder(builder: (context) => Text('count: ${controller.count.value}')),
);
}
}
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6. 依赖注入 #
Obs可以轻松和 InheritedWidget 或 Provider 进行集成,以下是 InheritedWidget 的使用示例,
Provider 是对 InheritedWidget 进行的封装,用法都是一样
/// 创建依赖注入小部件
class ProviderData extends InheritedWidget {
const ProviderData({
required super.child,
required this.count,
});
final Obs count;
static ProviderData of(BuildContext context) =>
context.dependOnInheritedWidgetOfExactType<ProviderData>()!;
@override
bool updateShouldNotify(ProviderData oldWidget) => true;
}
class Example extends StatelessWidget {
const Example({super.key});
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
final count = Obs(0);
return Scaffold(
// 注入依赖
body: ProviderData(
count: count,
child: Column(
children: [
ObsBuilder(builder: (context) {
return Text('parent count: ${data.count.value}');
}),
const Child(),
],
),
),
);
}
}
class Child extends StatelessWidget {
const Child({super.key});
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
// 子组件获取祖先注入的依赖
final data = ProviderData.of(context);
return ElevatedButton(
onPressed: () {
data.count.value++;
},
child: ObsBuilder(builder: (context) {
return Text('child count: ${data.count.value}');
}),
);
}
}
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7. 手动刷新 #
Obs 提供了 auto 变量用于控制是否自动刷新页面
class Example extends StatelessWidget {
const Example({super.key});
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
final count = Obs(0, auto: false);
return ElevatedButton(
onPressed: () {
count.value++;
count.notify(); // 手动刷新
count.auto = false; // 你可以随时控制是否要自动刷新页面
count.value++;
// 处理其他逻辑...
count.notify();
count.auto = true;
},
child: ObsBuilder(builder: (context) => Text('count: ${count.value}')),
);
}
}
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8. 添加监听函数 #
Obs提供了 watch 选项,在创建响应式变量的同时绑定监听逻辑,你还可以设置 immediate 选项触发立即执行一次监听函数,
它的触发时机便是执行了 notify 函数。
注意:oldValue 依赖于 setter 方法的执行,当你的响应式变量值是一个对象时,如果没有进行整个对象的赋值,
那么 setter 方法将无法拦截,会导致 oldValue 不会更新,这时,你需要手动修改 oldValue。
class GlobalState {
static final enableResampling = Obs(
true,
immediate: true,
watch: (newValue, oldValue) {
GestureBinding.instance.resamplingEnabled = newValue;
},
);
}
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9. ObsBuilder监听其他响应式变量 #
ObsBuilder 也提供了 watch 选项,与 Obs 不同的是,它接收 Obs 数组,当监听的任意一个变量发生变化时,都会重新构建小部件
class Example extends StatelessWidget {
const Example({super.key});
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
final count1 = Obs(0);
final count2 = Obs(0);
return ElevatedButton(
onPressed: () => count2.value++,
child: ObsBuilder(
// 当 count2 更新时,也会重建小部件,即使小部件构建函数中没有使用 count2 变量
watch: [count2],
builder: (context) => Text('count: ${count1.value}'),
),
);
}
}
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10. 响应式变量 - 对象 #
之所以修改 List、Map 等对象时不会触发自动刷新,是因为 dart 只能通过 setter 方法拦截对象的更改,
如果你没有将整个对象进行赋值,那么 setter 方法无法拦截,所以自然无法触发自动刷新,这种情况下你有两个选择:
将整个对象进行赋值给 .value
手动执行 notify 方法触发刷新
class Example extends StatelessWidget {
const Example({super.key});
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
final user = Obs({
'name': 'hihi',
'age': 20,
});
return ElevatedButton(
onPressed: () {
// 设置完整对象,List、DataModel 同理
user.value = {
...user.value,
'name': 'xx',
};
// 或者手动刷新
user.value['name'] = 'xx';
user.notify();
},
child: ObsBuilder(
builder: (context) => Text('user name: ${user.value["name"]}'),
),
);
}
}
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11. 注意事项 #
这种写法要尽量避免,它虽然不会引起泄漏,但会让 ObsBuilder 重建范围变大
class Example extends StatefulWidget {
const Example({super.key});
@override
State<Example> createState() => _ExampleState();
}
class _ExampleState extends State<Example> {
bool flag = false;
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
final count = Obs(0);
return ObsBuilder(builder: (context) {
return flag
? ObsBuilder(builder: (context) => Text('count: ${count.value}'))
: Text('count: ${count.value}');
});
}
}
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